个人跨境人民币业务政策问答
个人跨境人民币业务政策问答
Q&A on Policies for Cross-border Renminbi Services for Individuals
文/杨琦
By Yang Qi
Q：目前个人可参与跨境电子商务业务，个人电商入驻亚马逊等跨境电商平台，通过第三方支付机构办理跨境出口商品收款，此类个人电商是否必须是有进出口资质的个人对外贸易经营者或个体工商户；入驻淘宝的普通个人卖家（无进出口资质）可否也通过第三方支付机构办理小额出口收汇？银行业金融机构应怎样处理此类业务？
Q: Individuals can participate in cross-border e-commerce by using Amazon or other platforms，collecting export income through third-party payment services. Should these individuals or small firms be required to meet some form of import and export standards? Can individuals who lack such qualifications but use Taobao and third-party payment services be allowed to collect small sums on export transactions? How should financial institutions deal with this kind of business?
A：按照《中国人民银行关于贯彻落实〈国务院办公厅关于支持外贸稳定增长的若干意见〉的指导意见》（银发〔2014〕168号，下称“168号文”）和《国家外汇管理局关于开展支付机构跨境外汇支付业务的试点通知》（汇发〔2015〕7号）的相关规定，境内个人可以通过个人人民币结算账户以个人对外贸易经营者的名义直接收取货款，也可以通过参与跨境支付业务试点的支付机构收取人民币货款。
A: In accordance with the People's Bank of China's Guidance on Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Supporting the Stable Growth of Foreign Trade (PBOC [2014] No. 168) and the Ten Announcements of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange on Development of Cross-border Foreign Exchange Payment Services Provided by Payment Institutions (issued by SAFE [2015] No. 7)，domestic individuals may collect such payments directly through a personal renminbi settlement account in the name of the individual foreign trade operator，and may also receive renminbi payments through cross-border business pilot payment institutions.
银行业金融机构在“了解你的客户，了解你的业务，尽职审查”三原则的基础上，可凭个人有效身份证件或者工商营业执照，直接为客户办理跨境贸易人民币结算业务；必要时，可要求客户提交相关业务凭证。
Banking institutions can help customers conduct cross-border trade on the basis of the three principles of "understanding your customers，understanding your own business and carrying out due diligence." They need to ensure valid identification documents and industrial or commercial business licenses. Moreover，if necessary，banks should require their customers to submit relevant business credentials.
银行业金融机构可与依法取得“互联网支付”业务许可的支付机构合作，为企业和个人跨境货物贸易、服务贸易提供人民币结算服务。银行业金融机构应与支付机构签订跨境电子商务人民币结算业务协议，并报当地中国人民银行分支机构备案。
Banks may cooperate with payment agencies that have obtained an internet payment business license to provide renminbi settlement services for enterprises and individuals in cross-border trade in goods and services. Financial institutions need to sign a cross-border e-commerce renminbi settlement business agreement with the payment agency and file a report with the local arm of the People's Bank of China.
Q：境内个人可否以捐赠的名义向境外汇出人民币资金？
Q: Can domestic individuals remit renminbi funds overseas for donations?
A：不可以。按照168号文的相关规定，银行业金融机构可为个人开展的货物贸易、服务贸易跨境人民币业务提供结算服务，但不可以为境内个人的初次收入项下（收益）和二次收入（经常转移）项下提供结算服务。捐赠属于二次收入项下，所以不可以。
A: No. According to the provisions of the central bank's Document 168，banks can provide cross-border renminbi settlement services for individuals conducting foreign trade in goods and services. However，they cannot provide settlement services to domestic individuals who have initial transaction proceeds or secondary income，such as current account transfers. Donations are considered to be in the second category，so domestic individuals cannot remit renminbi funds overseas as donations.
Q：境内个人可以往香港和澳门汇人民币资金吗？
Q: Can domestic individuals remit renminbi funds to Hong Kong or Macau?
A：按照《中国人民银行关于内地银行与香港、澳门银行办理个人人民币业务有关问题的通知》（银发〔2004〕254号）和《中国人民银行关于内地银行与香港银行办理人民币业务有关问题的补充通知》（银发〔2005〕359号）的相关规定，持香港居民身份证件或澳门合法居留证件的个人，经由清算行汇入内地银行，且以汇款人为收款人的汇款，每一汇款人每天汇入的最高限额为80000元人民币和50000元人民币。从香港或澳门汇入的未提用的人民币余额，可以通过清算行汇回香港或澳门，但须经内地开户银行根据存款账务记录审核其真实性。
A: In accordance with the Notice of the People's Bank of China on Relevant Issues Concerning the Operation of Individual Renminbi Business by Mainland Banks and Hong Kong and Macao Banks (PBOC [2004] No. 254) and the Supplemental Notice on Issues Concerning the Operation of Renminbi Business by Mainland Banks and Hong Kong Banks (PBOC [2005] No. 359)，an individual holding a Hong Kong resident identification document or a legal residence permit for Macao can remit money to his or her own account in a mainland bank through an authorized clearing bank. Individuals from Hong Kong can remit no more than 80,000 yuan per day to the mainland while individuals from Macau can remit no more than 50,000 yuan. Renminbi balances can be returned to Hong Kong and Macau through the clearing banks but there must be deposit records to demonstrate authenticity.
需要注意的是，如果境内个人拥有两个身份证，例如香港和大陆各一个，在境内外开户只能用同一个香港居民身份证。
It should be noted that if an individual has two identity cards，such as one from Hong Kong and another from the mainland，he or she can only use the Hong Kong resident ID card when opening the bank account in the mainland.
Q：香港、澳门个人只能办理同名汇款，台湾个人可以办理非同名汇款吗？
Q: Individuals from Hong Kong and Macao can make remittances to accounts bearing their own name. Can individuals from Taiwan make remittances to third party accounts?
A：可以。按照中国人民银行和中国银行台北分行签订的《关于人民币业务的清算协议》等文件的相关规定，持有台湾居民身份证的个人可通过台湾参加行利用清算行或代理行渠道办理经常项目下往来大陆的汇款，包括以账户持有人为收款人（即同名汇款）或其他收款人的台湾对大陆的人民币汇款，每人每天不超过80000元人民币；同时允许大陆银行将其未提用的部分汇回。
A: Yes. In accordance with the provisions of the Agreement on the Liquidation of Renminbi Business signed by the People's Bank of China and the Bank of China's Taipei branch，individuals holding a Taiwan identity card can apply for repeat account transactions between Taiwan and the mainland through clearing banks or agent banks. The remittances from Taiwan can be made to an account with the same name or that of another party. Each individual can remit no more than 80,000 yuan per day and the balance of funds can be returned to Taiwan.
Q：境内个人可以用人民币资金出境做证券投资吗？
Q: Can domestic individuals use renminbi funds for offshore securities investments?
A：按照《中国人民银行关于人民币合格境内机构投资者境外证券投资有关事项的通知》（银发〔2014〕331号）文件的相关规定，境内个人不可以用人民币资金直接出境做证券投资，但可以通过RQDII间接参与境外证券投资。RQDII即人民币合格投资者，是指取得国务院金融监督管理机构许可并以人民币开展境外证券投资的境内金融机构。人民币合格投资者可以用自有人民币资金或募集到的境内机构和个人的人民币资金，投资于境外金融市场的人民币计价产品（银行自有资金境外运用除外）。
A: In accordance with the provisions of the Notice of the People's Bank of China on Matters Concerning Foreign Securities Investments by Qualified Domestic Investors (PBOC [2014] No. 331)，domestic individuals cannot use renminbi funds for direct purchases of foreign securities，though they can participate indirectly through the Renminbi Qualified Domestic Institutional Investor (RQDII) program. RQDII refers to qualified renminbi investors such as authorized domestic financial institutions. Qualified renminbi investors can use pooled funds or funds of individuals for investments in renminbi-denominated products in foreign financial markets. They cannot use bank funds，however.
作者单位：外汇局徐州市中心支局
The author is from SAFE’s Xuzhou (Jiangsu) branch
